Impact of bruxism in children: from occlusion to salivary quality

Abstract

Introduction: Bruxism was identified as a parafunctional activity capable of generating non-physiological wear facets and associated with non-carious lesions such as attrition, abrasion and abfraction. In children, this condition presented unique characteristics due to its high capacity for tissue regeneration and physiological adaptation, which generally caused asymptomatic pictures. Therefore, early diagnosis was based on the identification of occlusal imprints and their relationship with the stomatognathic system.
Development: Several authors emphasized the importance of occlusal imprints as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between normal function and parafunction. It was pointed out that factors such as biotype, neuromuscular activity and individual adaptability influenced alterations of the masticatory system, including temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. In addition, the relationship between bruxism and saliva quality was critical, as the latter, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, played a protective and facilitating role in balancing the oral microenvironment. The variable composition of saliva and its influence on microbial growth, including bacteria and fungi such as Candida spp. was highlighted.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of bruxism required a multidisciplinary approach integrating knowledge of oral neurophysiology, jaw biomechanics and salivary composition. This approach allowed the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies, ensuring a better quality of life for pediatric patients. The findings reinforced the need for a detailed analysis of the factors involved in this pathology in order to implement comprehensive solutions.